Penn Tactical Solutions

Field Notes

Operational insights, clinical updates, and field perspectives from active practitioners in emergency medicine, law enforcement, fire, and tactical medicine.
Written by people who work the field. Updated as protocols evolve.
Active Field Practitioners
Operationally Verified
Based on Experience

From the Field. For the Field.

Field Notes is where Penn Tactical Solutions publishes operational insights, clinical updates, and perspective pieces from active practitioners across emergency medicine, law enforcement, fire, and tactical medicine.

This is not a marketing blog. Every piece published here is written by someone who has worked the scenario, managed the call, or trained for the situation. We publish what we learn so others can be better prepared.

Have something worth sharing? We accept contributor submissions from qualified practitioners. Selected contributors receive a $25 gift card or a Penn Tactical t-shirt of their choice.

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Latest Guides
50 Days to Kickoff: What FIFA World Cup 2026 Means for Philadelphia
Community PreparednessContributorSubmitted by a field practitioner and reviewed by PTS before publication.
50 Days to Kickoff: What FIFA World Cup 2026 Means for Philadelphia

The countdown Fifty days from today, the largest sporting event ever staged in this region will begin. FIFA...

27 Years After Columbine: How We Learned to Stop the Dying
Community PreparednessPTS StaffWritten by a Penn Tactical Solutions instructor with active field experience.
27 Years After Columbine: How We Learned to Stop the Dying

Twenty-seven years after Columbine, the way we respond to active threats and the bleeding that follows has ...

The Bar Is Open. The Plan Is Not.
Community PreparednessPTS StaffWritten by a Penn Tactical Solutions instructor with active field experience.
The Bar Is Open. The Plan Is Not.

Last night I went out with friends. The guy at the door checked IDs. That was it. No AED, no first aid kit,...

Lead Exposure at the Range: The Hidden Risk Every Shooter Should Understand
Responder WellnessContributorSubmitted by a field practitioner and reviewed by PTS before publication.
Lead Exposure at the Range: The Hidden Risk Every Shooter Should Understand

Every round fired releases lead into the air. Learn how exposure happens, who is most at risk, and the simp...

Patrol Medical Programs Are No Longer Optional
Law EnforcementContributorSubmitted by a field practitioner and reviewed by PTS before publication.
Patrol Medical Programs Are No Longer Optional

Police officers are often the first to arrive at critical incidents, where the first few minutes can determ...

The First Minutes Matter: Strengthening Emergency Response in Schools
ContributorSubmitted by a field practitioner and reviewed by PTS before publication.
The First Minutes Matter: Strengthening Emergency Response in Schools

When a serious injury occurs at school, the first few minutes often determine the outcome. This guide expla...

More Field Guides
Crowd Crush Is Not Panic. It Is Physics.
Crowd Crush Is Not Panic. It Is Physics.

In 2026, massive crowds will fill stadiums, fan zones, transit hubs, and festival grounds across the country. Most people will never think about crowd safety until it ...

Craig Hall
ContributorSubmitted by a field practitioner and reviewed by PTS before publication.Feb 10, 2026 Read →
Trauma Kits vs IFAKs: What You Should Carry and Why
Trauma Kits vs IFAKs: What You Should Carry and Why

Understanding the difference between an IFAK and a trauma kit comes down to purpose, access, and training. This guide breaks down what to carry, how to prioritize gear...

Craig Hall
ContributorSubmitted by a field practitioner and reviewed by PTS before publication.Equipment and GearDec 12, 2025 Read →
Body Armor in EMS: From Conversation to Consideration
Body Armor in EMS: From Conversation to Consideration

When an EMS crew responds to what appears to be a routine call, the expectation is to treat illness, injury, or overdose. Increasingly, providers are also encountering...

Craig Hall
PTS StaffWritten by a Penn Tactical Solutions instructor with active field experience.Equipment and GearNov 14, 2025 Read →
Code 3 Shows What EMS Really Is. It Also Shows What’s Broken.
Code 3 Shows What EMS Really Is. It Also Shows What’s Broken.

Most people think of EMS as the ambulance that shows up when something goes wrong. What they don’t see is everything behind it: long shifts, provider burnout, funding ...

Craig Hall
ContributorSubmitted by a field practitioner and reviewed by PTS before publication.Prehospital CareSep 30, 2025 Read →
Why Chest Seals Matter: The Missing Piece in Civilian Trauma Care
Why Chest Seals Matter: The Missing Piece in Civilian Trauma Care

“Many victims in mass shootings die from chest injuries, not limb wounds. A simple chest seal can keep air out of the chest cavity and give victims a fighting chance u...

Craig Hall
PTS StaffWritten by a Penn Tactical Solutions instructor with active field experience.Sep 25, 2025 Read →
From Guesswork to Certainty: Is Colorimetric Capnography the Next Standard for Needle Decompression?
From Guesswork to Certainty: Is Colorimetric Capnography the Next Standard for Needle Decompression?

Needle decompression saves lives, but confirmation of success has long relied on subjective signs. Colorimetric capnography offers an objective, rapid way to confirm p...

Craig Hall
PTS StaffWritten by a Penn Tactical Solutions instructor with active field experience.May 13, 2025 Read →
Why Blood Type Patches Don’t Matter in Civilian EMS And What Actually Saves Lives
Why Blood Type Patches Don’t Matter in Civilian EMS And What Actually Saves Lives

You've probably seen them: embroidered patches or gear labeled “O+” or “A-” on tactical vests, range bags, or uniforms. They look cool, but do they make a difference?

Craig Hall
ContributorSubmitted by a field practitioner and reviewed by PTS before publication.May 09, 2025 Read →
Liabilities, Independents, and Assets in High-Threat Response
Liabilities, Independents, and Assets in High-Threat Response

You’re sitting down for lunch with your shift when the EAS siren activates for an explosion and ongoing shooting incident at a shopping mall just two miles from your s...

TJ
ContributorSubmitted by a field practitioner and reviewed by PTS before publication.Tactical MedicineOct 17, 2023 Read →
Excited Delirium is N-O-T A C-R-I-M-E
Excited Delirium is N-O-T A C-R-I-M-E

  Penn Tactical Editorial Note This article is provided by a guest contributor and reflects operational perspectives from the field. Terminology, definitions, and best...

S. Barnett
ContributorSubmitted by a field practitioner and reviewed by PTS before publication.Sep 20, 2020 Read →
Editorial note: PTS Staff articles are written by Penn Tactical Solutions instructors with active operational experience. Contributor articles are submitted by field practitioners and reviewed by PTS prior to publication. All content reflects the author's experience and perspective.